Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India or Gem of India)
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| Bharat Ratna |
‘Bharat Ratna’ is the India's highest civilian award given by the Government of India.It was instituted in the year 1954 by Rajendra Prasad, President of India. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order in any field . The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister himself to the President.The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year.The recipient of the award receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion. The Award does not carry any monetary grant.
Image Description : An image of the Sun along with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in Devanagari script, on a peepul leaf.It is of toned bronze. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto.The emblem, the sun and the rim are of platinum. The inscriptions are in burnished bronze.It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon.
List of Bharat Ratna Recipients
S.no |
Name
|
Awarded
|
Details
|
1.
|
Chakravarti Rajgopalachari
Tamil Nadu.
|
1954
|
Independence activist, last Governor-General.
|
2.
|
C. V. Raman
Tamil Nadu.
|
1954
|
Physicist
|
3.
|
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Tamil Nadu.
|
1954
|
Philosopher, India's First Vice President (1952-1962), and India's Second President(1962-1967)
|
4.
|
Bhagwan Das
Uttar Pradesh
|
1955
|
Independence activist, author, Founder of Kashi Vidya Peeth
|
5.
|
Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya
Karnataka
|
1955
|
Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
|
6.
|
Jawaharlal Nehru
Uttar Pradesh
|
1955
|
Independence activist, author, first Prime Minister
|
7.
|
Govind Ballabh Pant
Uttar Pradesh
|
1957
|
Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
|
8.
|
Dhondo Keshav Karve
Maharashtra
|
1958
|
Educator, social reformer
|
9.
|
Bidhan Chandra Roy
West Bengal
|
1961
|
Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
|
10.
|
Purushottam Das Tandon
Uttar Pradesh
|
1961
|
Independence activist, educator
|
11.
|
Rajendra Prasad
Bihar
|
1962
|
Independence activist, jurist, first President
|
12.
|
Zakir Hussain
Andhra Pradesh
|
1963
|
Independence activist, Scholar, third President
|
13.
|
Pandurang Vaman Kane
Maharashtra
|
1963
|
Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
|
14.
|
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Uttar Pradesh
|
1966
|
Posthumous, independence activist, second Prime Minister
|
15.
|
Indira Gandhi
Uttar Pradesh
|
1971
|
Third Prime Minister
|
16.
|
V. V. Giri
Orissa
|
1975
|
Trade unionist and fourth President
|
17.
|
K. Kamaraj
Tamil Nadu
|
1976
|
Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State
|
18.
|
Mother Teresa
West Bengal
|
1980
|
Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
|
19.
|
Vinoba Bhave
Maharashtra
|
1983
|
Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
|
20.
|
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Pakistan
|
1987
|
First non-citizen, independence activist
|
21.
|
M. G. Ramachandran
Tamil Nadu
|
1988
|
Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
|
22.
|
B. R. Ambedkar
Maharashtra
|
1990
|
Posthumous, Chief architect of the Indian Constitution,Crusader against Untouchablity, Dalit Icon, Social Reformer, Historian, politician, economist, and scholar
|
23.
|
Nelson Mandela
South Africa
|
1990
|
Second non-citizen and non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
|
24.
|
Rajiv Gandhi
Uttar Pradesh
|
1991
|
Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister
|
25.
|
Vallabhbhai Patel
Gujarat
|
1991
|
Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister
|
26.
|
Morarji Desai
Gujarat
|
1991
|
Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister
|
27.
|
Abul Kalam Azad
West Bengal
|
1992
|
Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education
|
28.
|
J. R. D. Tata
Maharashtra
|
1992
|
Industrialist and philanthropist
|
29.
|
Satyajit Ray
West Bengal
|
1992
|
Filmmaker
|
30.
|
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Delhi
|
1997
|
Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India
|
31.
|
Gulzarilal Nanda
Gujarat
|
1997
|
Independence activist, interim Prime Minister
|
32.
|
Aruna Asaf Ali
Delhi
|
1997
|
Posthumous, independence activist
|
33.
|
M. S. Subbulakshmi
Tamil Nadu
|
1998
|
Carnatic classical singer
|
34.
|
Chidambaram Subramaniam
Tamil Nadu
|
1998
|
Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture
|
35.
|
Jayaprakash Narayan
Bihar
|
1999
|
Posthumous, independence activist and politician
|
36.
|
Ravi Shankar
United States
|
1999
|
Sitar player
|
37.
|
Amartya Sen
United Kingdom
|
1999
|
Economist
|
38.
|
Gopinath Bordoloi
Assam
|
1999
|
Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam
|
39.
|
Lata Mangeshkar
Maharashtra
|
2001
|
Playback singer
|
40.
|
Ustad Bismillah Khan
Uttar Pradesh
|
2001
|
Hindustani classical shehnai player
|
41.
|
Bhimsen Joshi
Karnataka
|
2008
|
Hindustani classical singer
|
42.
|
C. N. R. Rao
Karnataka
|
2014
(announced)
|
Scientist
|
43.
|
Sachin Tendulkar
Maharashtra
|
2014
(announced)
|
Cricketer
|
